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Digital finance is evolving across dozens of chains and execution environments. But moving value between ecosystems remains fragmented—relying on inconsistent bridges, duplicated liquidity pools, and complex backend operations that create friction for builders and users alike.
The USDT0 Network eliminates these barriers. Built on LayerZero's Omnichain Fungible Token (OFT) standard, it unifies liquidity across chains without wrapping, bridging, or duplicating supply. The result is a single liquidity layer where assets behave consistently everywhere and move natively anywhere.
The network currently supports three Tether assets: USDT0 (US dollar), XAUT0 (gold), and CNHT0 (offshore Chinese yuan).
The USDT0 Network leverages LayerZero's OFT standard to enable native cross-chain transfers through a permissionless liquidity mesh. Instead of fragmenting liquidity across multiple bridges and wrapped versions, assets move seamlessly between chains—backed by a single reserve and unified supply logic. No wrapped tokens or synthetic representations — just your same trusted tokens, delivered more efficiently and universally.
The USDT0 Network operates on a robust lock-and-mint mechanism powered by the Omnichain Fungible Token (OFT) standard. This system ensures secure and efficient cross-chain transfers while maintaining full asset backing across all USDT0 products.
All tokens follow the same fundamental process:
Locking Assets: The original asset (USDT, XAUT, or CNHT) is locked in the OFT Adapter smart contract on Ethereum Mainnet.
Minting on Destination Chains: Equivalent tokens (USDT0, XAUT0, or CNHT0) are minted on the target chain, maintaining a strict 1:1 backing with the locked assets on Ethereum. This ensures complete transparency and trust.
Seamless Cross-Chain Transfers: Our advanced omnichain messaging layer enables smooth and cost-effective transfers between supported chains. By eliminating reliance on fragmented liquidity pools and traditional bridges, users experience fast and reliable transactions.
Redemption: Tokens can be redeemed by burning them on any chain and unlocking the corresponding assets on the Ethereum OFT Adapter. This ensures a consistent and secure relationship between the locked and minted assets.
The Omnichain Fungible Token (OFT) standard developed by LayerZero facilitates interoperability across chains. The OFT model provides a universal framework for cross-chain messaging and token management. Key advantages include:
The OFT standard ensures that liquidity is efficiently managed across all connected chains, reducing fragmentation and improving capital efficiency. Instead of duplicating liquidity across multiple wrapped versions or bridge pools, USDT0 maintains a single source of truth on Ethereum.
Transactions are validated through a decentralized network of oracles and relayers, maintaining integrity and reducing risks. Cross-chain actions are verified independently, ensuring robustness and minimizing attack vectors.
The OFT model supports seamless expansion to new blockchains, allowing our products to integrate with emerging ecosystems effortlessly. As new chains gain adoption, our network can onboard them without fragmenting existing liquidity.
By eliminating the need for intermediary bridges or wrapped assets, the OFT standard reduces complexity and operational overhead. Users benefit from simpler transactions, lower fees, and faster settlement times.
As USDT0 expands to new chains, users still need a way to move liquidity between chains where USDT has already been deployed. To solve this, USDT0 has introduced the Legacy Mesh: a cross-chain liquidity infrastructure that connects legacy USDT deployments with the USDT0 omnichain ecosystem through a shared, non-custodial hub.
The Legacy Mesh uses a hub-and-spoke architecture to route stablecoin liquidity between networks that do not natively support USDT0. These include widely adopted chains like Tron and TON, which have large native USDT supplies but do not yet support the OFT standard or native USDT0 minting.
Meanwhile, Ethereum is integrated directly into the USDT0 infrastructure and Arbitrum serves as the central hub for the entire Legacy Mesh, with liquidity pools facilitating two-way conversions between USDT and USDT0.
Through this system, the Legacy Mesh connects:
Ethereum (native USDT via ERC-20)
Tron (native USDT via TRC-20)
TON (native USDT via TON token format)
Arbitrum (canonical USDT0 hub)
The above architecture allows users to move value seamlessly between previously siloed networks, with all USDT0 backed by real, redeemable assets on both sides of the transfer. This extends the utility of USDT and eliminates the need for fragmented pools, wrapped tokens, and synthetic stablecoin representations.
More chains may be added to the mesh over time, and each integration will further strengthe the network and further unifies the stablecoin experience.
The Legacy Mesh solves a fundamental coordination problem: how do you unify fragmented liquidity across legacy systems without forcing a disruptive migration? The answer is to create a seamless path between classic's stablecoin deployments and today’s omnichain reality, without requiring the market to choose one over the other.
Benefits to this approach include:
Unified Liquidity Across Legacy and New Chains: Native USDT deployments represent billions in circulating supply and real-world usage. The Legacy Mesh makes that liquidity accessible to newer ecosystems built around USDT0, without needing immediate full-stack upgrades.
Future-Proof Interoperability: Not all chains are ready to support USDT0 natively. The Legacy Mesh lets them interoperate today, while preserving the option to upgrade to full OFT-based deployment when they are ready, with minimal disruption.
Fully-Backed Liquidity: Every transfer through the mesh is backed by real assets, either via liquidity pools or direct mint/burn mechanisms. This minimizes depeg risk and ensures maximum capital efficiency.
Soon, users will be able to use the to deposit USDT directly into the Mesh and receive native USDT0 directly on any destination chain of choice. We are currently finalising this automated multihop process, so until then the process needs to be manually executed.
In the meantime, manually transfers through the Legacy Mesh are also simple and seamless. Let’s walk through an example where we move USDT from Tron to Ink.
Select Source and Destination Chains: On the USDT0 Transfer Hub, choose Tron (USDT) as your source chain and Arbitrum (USDT0) as your destination. You’ll be prompted to connect a compatible wallet for each chain.
Transfer USDT to Arbitrum: Transfer of your TRC-20 USDT to Arbitrum through the Legacy Mesh. These pools are audited and transparently collateralised to ensure fast USDT movements.
Transfer to Final Destination: Once on Arbitrum, your USDT0 can then be transferred using LayerZero’s OFT protocol, which burns tokens on Arbitrum and mints the exact amount on Ink.
This same process can be used to move USDT from Arbitrum to any other USDT0 chains. And soon, you will only need to select your source and destination chains and the Legacy Mesh will handle the rest.
Note: Unlike USDT0 transfers, Legacy Mesh transfers incur a 0.03% fee, paid in USDT.
By simplifying cross-chain operations and enhancing liquidity management, USDT0 provides a versatile and powerful framework tailored to the needs of blockchain networks, users and exchanges.
Ownership Flexibility: USDT0 supports the efficient transition of contract ownership to Tether when required, ensuring a unified and consistent standard for USDT across chains. This eliminates the risk of fragmentation caused by multiple versions of USDT existing on the same network.
Advanced Compliance Tools: Adhering to robust compliance capabilities, USDT0 supports blacklisting and freezing functionalities, enabling blockchains to adhere to regulatory requirements and process law enforcement requests effectively.
Future Proof Design: USDT0 stays adaptable to evolving blockchain technologies by expanding its functionality, maintaining seamless interoperability, and supporting smart contract updates to align with the latest standards. This approach allows USDT0 to remain scalable, relevant and efficient in a rapidly changing ecosystem.
Fast Settlement: With transfer times ranging from 30 seconds to a few minutes, USDT0 ensures rapid asset movement across chains, supporting high-speed, low-latency transactions.
Enhanced Ecosystem Interoperability: USDT0 connects effortlessly with leading blockchain networks, driving capital inflows and expanding cross-chain functionality to foster growth.
Simplified Integration Process: Integrating USDT0 into blockchain networks is straightforward, requiring no complex custom bridge solutions or liquidity pool management, making it as simple as working with standard ERC-20 tokens.
Seamless Cross-Chain Transfers: USDT0 optimizes USDT transfers across supported chains by removing the reliance on multiple bridges and fragmented liquidity pools. With 1:1 asset backing and minimal transaction fees, it provides users with a smooth and secure transfer experience.
Broader DeFi Access: Through its initial deployment on Ink and upcoming expansions to other leading blockchain networks, USDT0 delivers enhanced access to DeFi opportunities within a unified ecosystem, removing the reliance on separate bridge solutions.
Enhanced Security and Trust: Users benefit from USDT0’s unified framework, which consolidates liquidity and ensures that assets are securely managed across all chains. This eliminates the risks associated with multiple intermediaries.
Multichain Support: USDT0’s permissionless contracts integrate seamlessly into an exchange’s tech stack, enabling deposits and withdrawals across multiple chains without requiring separate rebalancing or float management on individual networks.
Effortless Cross-Chain Transactions: Leveraging USDT0’s OFT standard, tokens are transferred securely and efficiently across chains, delivering an optimal user experience without compromising safety.
Quick Ethereum Redemptions: USDT0 enables exchanges to redeem assets on Ethereum swiftly and efficiently, with transactions typically completing within seconds or minutes. This simplifies treasury management and reduces liquidity fragmentation.
OAdapterUpgradeable: 0xcd62844e82cfedf572b06275020254d40e016545
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
Effortless Integration: Exchanges can integrate USDT0 with minimal development effort. The process is similar to working with standard ERC-20 tokens, eliminating the need for managing liquidity pools or deploying custom bridging solutions.
XAUt0 analytics are available through the LayerZero ecosystem tools:
CNHT0 analytics are available through the LayerZero ecosystem tools:
Note: Third-party analytics pages may report using different criteria and methodology.
If you are building a USDT0 analytics page and wish to be added to this list, please contact us at [email protected].
StableOFTExtension: 0xB8CE59FC3717ada4C02eaDF9682A9e934F625ebb
OUpgradeable: 0xD8479f87686ed263D00Ca7505F86327dbeD4171A
The complete and up to date list of USDT0 audit reports can be found here.
In addition to the Technical part, Chaos Labs has delivered an in-depth risk analysis on USDT0 infrastructure: Chaos Labs recognizes USDT0 as a breakthrough in stablecoin infrastructure, assessing it as economically secure with minimal risk exposure.
The complete risk analysis can be found here.
Solana (native USDT via SPL-20)
CELO (native USDT via ERC-20)
Any chain with native USDT0 integration
Download logos.
Download Brand Guidelines.
The USDT0 Network provides an easy and efficient way to move assets across different chains. This guide covers transferring USDT0, XAUt0, and CNHT0.
All three assets (USDT0, XAUt0, and CNHT0) are available through a single unified transfer interface:
Simply select your desired asset from the interface to begin transferring. The transfer process is identical across all USDT0 products. This tutorial uses USDT0 as an example, but the same steps apply to XAUT0 and CNHT0.
Navigate to the appropriate transfer interface and click on the green Transfer button.
Click on the Connect button. A window will appear presenting you with a variety of wallet options. Choose which option works best for you. Popular options include Rabby Wallet, MetaMask, WalletConnect, and others.
Select which network you would like to transfer your funds from by clicking on the From section of the UI as well as the To section. A window will pop up displaying your options.
Example for XAUt0: Select Ethereum as the origin chain and HyperEVM as the destination chain.
Select the amount of USDT0 assets to be transferred between your chosen chains.
Example: Transfer 10,000 USDT0 from Arbitrum to Plasma, or 1 XAUt0 from Ethereum to HyperEVM.
For USDT0 transfers on supported chains, you may have the option to use Aori's intent-based settlement protocol.
What is Aori and when should I use it?
Aori is an intent-based settlement protocol that provides instant cross-chain transfers through a decentralized solver network.
Choose Aori when:
You need immediate settlement (< 5 seconds)
Trading or arbitrage timing is critical
You're willing to pay a small fee for speed
Choose Native USDT0 when:
Cost savings are your priority (free transfers)
Standard settlement times (30s-3min) are acceptable
You're transferring large amounts
The native USDT0 route serves as the default transfer method. For supported chains, Aori's intent-based settlement protocol provides an alternative execution path with distinct performance characteristics.
If you do not have gas on the chain you'd like to transfer your funds to, the UI will prompt you to set gas on the destination chain. Click on Add in the Gas on destination section. A window will show up allowing you to select between None, Medium, or Max amount of gas which will be airdropped. You can also select a custom amount.
Intent-based transfers involve dynamic market-based pricing. Fee tolerance protects users from unexpected cost increases by setting a maximum acceptable fee threshold.
Setting Your Tolerance:
0.5%: Conservative, suitable for most transactions
1.0%: Moderate, balanced approach
3.0%: High, for urgent transfers where speed is critical
Custom: Advanced users can specify exact tolerances
If the actual fee exceeds your configured tolerance, the transaction will be rejected before execution, ensuring no unexpected costs.
Example: For a $10,000 transfer with 1% fee tolerance, the transaction will only execute if total fees remain below $100.
Transferring assets is a two-step process. Click the Transfer button and approve the transactions to initiate the transfer.
Now that you have signed both transactions, your transfer is on its way.
After you initiate the transfer, the UI will display an estimate of when your funds will arrive.
If you want to transfer your funds to a different wallet address on the destination chain, you can do so by clicking the green wallet icon above the From section.
Supports Aori intent-based transfers on select chains
Includes integration with the Legacy Mesh for USDT transfers from Tron, TON, and other legacy deployments
0.03% fee for Legacy Mesh transfers only (native USDT0 transfers are free)
Transfers represent movement of gold-backed value
Each XAUt0 token = 1 troy ounce of gold in Swiss vaults
Standard transfer times: 30 seconds to 3 minutes
Transfers CNY-denominated stablecoin value
Same infrastructure and speed as USDT0
Ideal for Asian market use cases
If you encounter any issues during the transfer process:
Check our Developer Documentation for technical details
Review Security & Audits for safety information
Contact support through the transfer interface
OAdapterUpgradeable:
Safe:
ArbitrumExtensionV2:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
UChildUSDT0:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
HyperliquidExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
TetherTokenOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
StableOFTExtension:
OUpgradeable:
Safe:
UsdtOFT:
MultiHopComposer:
UsdtOFT:
UsdtOFT:
UsdtOFT:
UsdtOFT:
UsdtOFT_store:
UsdtOFT_programmId:
All USDT0 Network tokens (USDT0, XAUt0, CNHT0) are Omnichain Fungible Tokens (OFT). The OFT standard allows tokens to move seamlessly across multiple blockchains using LayerZero's messaging protocol, ensuring a unified supply across all chains. USDT0 Network tokens leverage LayerZero's infrastructure to enable secure and efficient cross-chain transfers.
The USDT0 implementation separates token functionality from cross-chain messaging. This split enables independent upgrades of token and messaging components while maintaining consistent token behavior across chains.
The implementation consists of three main components:
OAdapterUpgradeable (on Ethereum):
Implements LayerZero OFT functionality for Ethereum
Handles both sending and receiving cross-chain messages
Interfaces directly with the source TetherToken contract on Ethereum
The graphic illustrates how USDT0 tokens are transferred across Ethereum, Chain A, and Chain B:
Ethereum → Chain B:
USDT0 Adapter locks tokens on Ethereum
A LayerZero message triggers USDT0 OFT on Chain B to mint equivalent tokens
Chain B
The flow ensures consistent token supply across chains.
All USDT0 tokens implement the following standard interfaces:
ERC20
ERC20Permit (EIP-2612)
EIP-3009 (Gasless transfers)
Key public functions for integration:
The OFT implementation provides cross-chain transfer functionality through LayerZero:
The OFT interface is consistent across all chains, whether using OAdapterUpgradeable on Ethereum or OUpgradeable on other chains. The only difference is that on Ethereum, users need to approve the OFT adapter to spend their tokens before calling send.
The following example shows how to bridge tokens from Ethereum to Arbitrum, including necessary approvals and parameter handling. This example uses USDT0, but the same code works for XAUT0 and CNHT0 by changing the token and OFT addresses.
USDT0 tokens utilize a dual-DVN security configuration requiring verification from:
LayerZero DVN
USDT0 DVN
Both DVNs must verify the payloadHash before a cross-chain message can be committed for execution. This setup ensures enhanced security through independent verification of all cross-chain transfers.
For detailed information about LayerZero DVNs and security stacks, refer to:
The Legacy Mesh is a cross-chain liquidity network for USDT that connects legacy deployments on Ethereum, Arbitrum, Celo, Tron, and TON. It enables USDT transfers across chains without minting or burning. Instead, it uses a credit-based system where liquidity is locked and unlocked between smart contract pools on each chain.
At its core is the UsdtOFT contract, which implements LayerZero's IOFT interface for compatibility with standard OFT tooling. Unlike standard OFT contracts, UsdtOFT does not alter token supply—it moves USDT by crediting and debiting pool balances.
Fee-based Transfers: A small fee (in basis points) is deducted from each transfer. The feeBps variable defines the rate.
Interface Support:
quoteOFT(): Returns transfer limits, expected amounts, and fees
This mechanism enables seamless interoperability across non-upgradeable USDT deployments.
Please note: When an upgrade is processed, the entire Legacy Mesh infrastructure smart contracts are migrated as a whole. If your application integrates Legacy Mesh directly at the smart contract level, we recommend reaching out to [email protected]. This ensures you have a direct communication channel and remain fully updated on the latest changes.
Locks/Unlocks tokens for cross-chain transfers
OUpgradeable (on other chains):
Implements LayerZero OFT functionality for other chains
Handles both sending and receiving cross-chain messages
Interfaces with the TetherTokenOFTExtension (or equivalent)
Controls minting/burning for cross-chain transfers
TetherTokenOFTExtension (on other chains):
Offers mint/burn interface for the OFT
USDT0 OFT burns tokens on Chain B
A message triggers USDT0 OFT on Chain A to mint the equivalent
Chain A → Ethereum:
USDT0 OFT burns tokens on Chain A
A message instructs the USDT0 Adapter to unlock tokens on Ethereum
quoteSend(): Returns LayerZero messaging feessend(): Executes the cross-chain transfer and applies fees
interface IERC20 {
function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
}
interface IERC20Permit {
function permit(
address owner,
address spender,
uint256 value,
uint256 deadline,
uint8 v,
bytes32 r,
bytes32 s
) external;
}
// EIP-3009 functions for gasless transfers
interface IEIP3009 {
function transferWithAuthorization(
address from,
address to,
uint256 value,
uint256 validAfter,
uint256 validBefore,
bytes32 nonce,
bytes memory signature
) external;
function receiveWithAuthorization(
address from,
address to,
uint256 value,
uint256 validAfter,
uint256 validBefore,
bytes32 nonce,
bytes memory signature
) external;
}interface IOFT {
struct SendParam {
uint32 dstEid; // Destination endpoint ID
bytes32 to; // Recipient address
uint256 amountLD; // Amount to send
uint256 minAmountLD; // Minimum amount to receive
bytes extraOptions; // Additional options
bytes composeMsg; // Optional composed message
bytes oftCmd; // OFT-specific command
}
struct MessagingFee {
uint256 nativeFee; // Fee in native gas
uint256 lzTokenFee; // Fee in LZ token
}
struct OFTReceipt {
uint256 amountSentLD; // Amount sent
uint256 amountReceivedLD; // Amount received
}
// Get expected received amount
function quoteOFT(SendParam calldata sendParam)
external view returns (
OFTLimit memory, // Min/max amounts
OFTFeeDetail[] memory, // Fee breakdown
OFTReceipt memory // Expected amounts
);
// Get messaging fee
function quoteSend(SendParam calldata sendParam, bool payInLzToken)
external view returns (MessagingFee memory);
// Execute the cross-chain transfer
function send(
SendParam calldata sendParam,
MessagingFee calldata fee,
address refundAddress
) external payable;
}import { ethers } from "ethers";
const USDT_ADDRESS = "0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7";
const OFT_ADDRESS = "0x6C96dE32CEa08842dcc4058c14d3aaAD7Fa41dee";
const ARB_EID = 30110;
const MAX_UINT256 = ethers.constants.MaxUint256;
const OFT_ABI = [
"function quoteOFT(tuple(uint32,bytes32,uint256,uint256,bytes,bytes,bytes)) view returns (tuple(uint256,uint256), tuple(int256,string)[], tuple(uint256,uint256))",
"function quoteSend(tuple(uint32,bytes32,uint256,uint256,bytes,bytes,bytes), bool) view returns (tuple(uint256,uint256))",
"function send(tuple(uint32,bytes32,uint256,uint256,bytes,bytes,bytes), tuple(uint256,uint256), address) payable returns (tuple(bytes32,uint64,tuple(uint256,uint256)), tuple(uint256,uint256))",
];
async function sendUSDT0ToArbitrum(
signer: ethers.Signer,
amount: string,
recipient: string
) {
const usdt = new ethers.Contract(
USDT_ADDRESS,
["function approve(address,uint256)"],
signer
);
const oft = new ethers.Contract(OFT_ADDRESS, OFT_ABI, signer);
const amountWei = ethers.utils.parseUnits(amount, 6);
// Approve max amount
await usdt.approve(OFT_ADDRESS, MAX_UINT256);
const sendParam = [
ARB_EID,
ethers.utils.hexZeroPad(recipient, 32),
amountWei,
0,
"0x",
"0x",
"0x",
];
const [, , oftReceipt] = await oft.callStatic.quoteOFT(sendParam);
sendParam[3] = oftReceipt[1];
const msgFee = await oft.callStatic.quoteSend(sendParam, false);
const tx = await oft.send(sendParam, msgFee, recipient, { value: msgFee[0] });
return tx;
}